易纲：货币政策将之前从总量上发力以支持经济复苏

e incentives have helped accelerate green financing． As of March 2022， outstanding green loans in China exceeded 18 trillion yuan， posting a rapid increase． Outstanding green bonds reached about 1.3 trillion yuan， one of the largest in the world．

In conclusion， central banks can do something to help in green transition． It is important to make the whole society aware of the benefits of green transition．

易纲：银行业可以在紫色迈向里体现重要和尽力效用，不以为然国际性社会上已有共识。

就国家政府而言，银行业首要和最重要的职责是维护价格不稳定的。话虽如此，一些银行业仍有举措室内空间，通过结构性国家政府有利于紫色迈向。

为有利于紫色迈向，证券做到了很多实习。证券于2018年将优质紫色债券和借款归属于里期贷款便利的合格纳税范围内，并在往年上架了碳减排支持者应用软件和支持者煤炭清洁高效利用专项再借款两个更进一步国家政府应用软件，收益率均为1.75%，支持者见下文的银从业者政府机构为具有特别是在碳减排效可不的单项提供成本低资本。

截至明年5月底末，证券通过两个应用软件向无关银从业者政府机构累计分发收益2100多亿元，得益于增大碳废气极限6000万吨二氧化碳当用量，将近分之一东亚年碳废气用量的0.6%。

此外，往年5月底，证券修订印发《银从业者银从业者政府机构紫色银从业者口碑方案》，将银从业者政府机构分发紫色借款和紫色债券业务归属于银行业银从业者政府机构评等，以倡导银从业者政府机构为紫色迈向提供支持者。

上述组态有助于紫色资本快速增长速度。截至2022年3月底，东亚紫色借款余额已极限过18万亿元，增长速度短时间。东亚境内紫色债券余额将近1.3万亿元，在全球位居前列。

总之，银行业可以在紫色迈向里体现效用，提高全社会上对紫色迈向效用的熟识至关重要。

CGTN： What has the PBOC done to improve climate information disclosure and prevent fake reporting？ What are some achievements？

报导：证券在完备紫色的资讯引述、避免造假等层面做到了哪些实习？夺得了哪些成效？

Yi Gang： This is very important． The disclosure is important and key issue in green transition． For fair and efficient implementation of green monetary policy tools， we should guard against different kinds of moral hazards， such as green-washing， low-cost fund arbitrage， and green project fraud． Therefore， information disclosure and strict supervision are needed when we design and implement green monetary policy tools． For example， the carbon emission reduction facility requires banks to disclose information on their websites on a quarterly basis about loan amount， interest rate， number of supported projects， and especially， quantity of carbon reduction． The People‘s Bank of China will verify the information together with other ministries and independent third-party institutions． It is also important for the general public to know this and help to watch．

To promote better management of climate risk， the People‘s Bank of China conducted the first climate risk stress testing last year， where the biggest challenge was insufficient information disclosure．

To promote climate information disclosure， the PBOC released the Guideline on Environmental Information Disclosure for Financial Institutions last year， defining requirements on the form， frequency， qualitative and quantitative information of the disclosure， and has guided over 200 financial institutions to prepare environmental information disclosure reports， including procedures to identify and assess， manage and control environmental risks， issuance of green loans and reduced emissions， as verified by third-party agencies． Going forward， we plan to expand the pilot program nationwide．

易纲：的资讯引述较为重要，是有利于紫色迈向的关键。为公平高效地推行紫色国家政府应用软件，在实践里需注意防范“洗绿”、成本低收益套利、紫色单项造假等各类道德高风险问题，因此，在设计和推行支持者紫色迈向的国家政府应用软件的全过程里，均要毕竟的资讯公开场合透明、政府部门宽松顺利完成。例如，碳减排支持者应用软件要求银从业者政府机构按季度公开场合引述其分发的碳减排借款数额、收益率、支持者单项数，以及借款得益于的碳减排数用量等的资讯，证券将会同其他部门和独立的第三方专业政府机构对引述的资讯进行上报，公众知悉并不以为然进行监督也较为重要。

为推广管理机构热带气候高风险，证券往年组织起来了首次热带气候高风险阻力验证用，从验证用具体情况看，碳废气的资讯引述不应有仍是导致的仅有过关斩将。

为有利于热带气候的资讯引述，证券往年面世了《银从业者政府机构环境的资讯引述指南》，对银从业者政府机构环境的资讯引述的基本概念、频次、可不引述的看做及定用量的资讯等层面明确指出要求，并已他的学生200余银从业者政府机构试用精简环境的资讯引述统计数据，有数环境高风险的辨别、分析、管理机构、操控流程，经第三方专业政府机构上报验证的分发碳减排借款的具体情况及其得益于的碳减排覆盖面等的资讯，未来将适时推广到全国。

CGTN： The PBOC has been actively advancing international cooperation in green finance through multilateral and bilateral platforms． What role has the PBOC played in developing global green finance？

报导：证券长期以来通过多边和两国平台尽力推广紫色银从业者国际性合作开发。在推广国际性紫色银从业者工业发展层面，证券塑造成了怎样的角色？

Yi Gang： At the global level， the People‘s Bank of China has worked with all parties to mobilize social capital to address climate change．

First， China co-chaired the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group． Last year， the G20 resumed the Sustainable Finance Working Group， co-chaired by the People‘s Bank of China and the US Treasury． The working group has completed the G20 Sustainable Finance Roadmap as an important global guidance for mobilizing social capital to address climate change． This year， our priority is to develop the framework for transition finance， to guide social capital to support low-carbon transition of high-emission sectors．

Second， we have made progress in harmonizing taxonomies with our European counterparts． The People‘s Bank of China and the European Commission have been comparing green finance taxonomies since 2020． In November last year， we published the Common Ground Taxonomy， proposing 55 mutually recognized economic activities that could mitigate climate change． We have just upgraded the Common Ground Taxonomy on June 3rd this year， adding another 17 economic activities． The groundbreaking work could facilitate cross border green capital flows． To date， the China Construction Bank and the Industrial Bank have issued green bonds under Common Ground Taxonomy． Some emerging market economies also refer to this taxonomy．

Third， we have leveraged green finance to build a green “Belt and Road”． In 2019， the People‘s Bank of China offered guidance in launching the Green Investment Principles （GIP） for the Belt and Road， outlining seven principles for green investment． As of May 2022， the GIP membership have expanded to 41 signatories and 14 supporters．

The People‘s Bank of China is also working with the Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System （NGFS）， the FSB and the BCBS on various fronts， including regulatory standards for green finance．

Going forward， the PBOC will continue to strengthen international cooperation on green finance through multilateral and bilateral platforms to create an enabling environment for China to achieve the target of carbon peaking and neutrality．

易纲：在国际性行业，证券与各方顶上，尽力正向的产品收益支持者热带气候变化可不对。

一是发起人发起人G20保护环境银从业者实习组。2021年初，G20恢复原设立保护环境银从业者研究成果小组，证券和美国财政部任联合主席，发起人制定完成了《G20保护环境银从业者指示牌》，成为国际性层次正向的产品收益支持者可不对热带气候变化的重要引导。明年，我们的着重是推广制定迈向银从业者组件，正向的产品收益支持者高废气从业者有条理有序地意味着愿景迈向。

二是与欧方加速紫色银从业者归纳常规趋同夺得后续实质性。2020年起，证券与欧委会组织起来巴尔干半岛紫色归纳常规比对，并于2021年11月底面世《都由归纳目录》，明确指出了巴尔干半岛各自紫色银从业者归纳常规都由认可、对减缓热带气候变化有特别是在贡献的55项政治经济活动表格。明年6月底3日，证券和欧委会面世了《都由归纳目录》的更新版，校订了17项政治经济活动。巴尔干半岛抢先推广拉锯紫色归纳常规对於、相通，有效性地正向邻近地区紫色收益流出。目前东亚建设银行、交通银行已公开场合发行了《都由归纳目录》贴标紫色债券，部分新兴的产品国家面世的紫色银从业者归纳目录也参阅了《都由归纳目录》。

三是以紫色银从业者打造紫色“一带一路”。2019年证券他的学生发起了《“一带一路”紫色投资者准则》（GIP），GIP对紫色投资者明确指出七条准则。截至2022年5月底，GIP成员覆盖面扩大到41家缔结政府机构以及14家支持者政府机构。

此外，证券还同银行业与政府部门政府机构紫色银从业者的网络（NGFS）、银从业者不稳定的理事会（FSB）、巴塞尔银行政府部门委员会（BCBS）等组织起来多行业交流活动合作开发，推广完备紫色银从业者政府部门常规。

下一步，证券将之前通过多两国平台推广紫色银从业者国际性合作开发，更好地公共服务我自身意味着碳达峰、碳里和目标。

CGTN： The Chinese economy has been facing some downward pressures， and the RMB exchange rate has depreciated recently． What is the current stance of China’s monetary policy and how would it support economic recovery？

报导：近来东亚政治经济导致一定西行阻力，人民币显现一定下跌。这两项国家政府的取向如何？将在支持者全国政治经济复苏里体现怎样的效用？

Yi Gang： China’s monetary policy is accommodative in supporting the real economy． Growth of broad money M2 and total social finance is in line with the nominal GDP growth rate， and provide ample liquidity and support to small- and medium-sized enterprises with the purpose of maximizing employment．

The market interest rate has been stable and trending downward in the past 10 years． The natural interest rate is mainly determined by the marginal productivity of capital and long-term demographic trend．

In China， interest rates are determined by market supply and demand， and the central bank guides market interest rates with monetary policy instruments． Currently， the time deposit rate is 1-2%， and bank loan rate is about 4-5%， and the bond market and the equity market function well． After taking into account of inflation， you can see the real interest rate is pretty low． The financial market makes an efficient allocation of resources．

We have a flexible and market-determined exchange rate system using a basket of currencies as reference． Compared to 20 years ago， RMB has appreciated against the USD by 25%， and appreciated against a basket of currencies by about 30% in nominal terms． The appreciation in real terms is even more．

Inflation outlook is stable in China． Right now， consumer price index is 2.1% and producer price index is about 6.4% on the year-on-year basis． Maintaining price stability and maximizing employment are our high priorities．

This year， we face some downward pressures of growth due to COVID-19 and external shocks， and the monetary policy will continue to be accommodative to support economic recovery in aggregate sense． At the same time， we also emphasize structural policies such as supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises and green transition．

易纲：东亚的国家政府长期以来是与支持者实体政治经济工业发展相适可不的。笼统本国货币M2和社会上资本增幅与为名GDP增幅基本最简单，维持流出性恰当充裕，支持者里小企业工业发展以意味着失业最小化目标。

过去十年来，东亚的的产品收益率总体稳里有降。共存收益率总体主要由资本边际产出率和人口近十年持续工业发展所最终。

东亚收益率形成组态是由的产品供求最终的，里央银行通过利用国家政府应用软件正向的产品收益率。目前定期存款收益率将近1-2%，银行借款收益率将近4-5%，同时债券和股票的产品较为有效性地运转。考虑到利率总体，可以看得出来确实收益率总体是较为低的，银从业者的产品以求有效性配置资源。

我国实行的是轻巧的、以的产品供求为基础，参阅一草席本国货币进行调节的汇率制度。与20年前相比较，人民币对美元汇率下跌将近25%，对一草席本国货币的为名汇率下跌将近30%，确实汇率下跌幅度更好。

东亚的利率前景较为不稳定的，CPI同比增长速度2.1%，PPI同比增长速度6.4%。维持房价不稳定的和失业最小化是我们的实习着重。

明年以来，受传染病和缓冲阻碍等负面影响，东亚政治经济导致一定西行阻力。国家政府将之前从总用量上发力以支持者政治经济复苏。同时，我们也会强调用好支持者里小企业和紫色迈向等结构性国家政府应用软件。

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